Tunnel lining



Spt. 24, W35. D. c. DolG ZAMSJZ TUNNEL LINNG Filed Feb. 5, 1934 tunnels,

Patented Sept. 24, 1935 Glam TUNNEL LININ G David Cuff Doig, Whetstone,London, England, Vassigner to Sika-Francois Limited, London,

England Application February 5, 1934, Serial No. 709,833 In GreatBritain February 1li, 1933 13 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in connection with the jointsbetween sections of ironf or other tunnelling elements as used forescalators, shaft sinking, tube railways and other tubular or flat orangle plates.

The object of this invention is to provide means for collecting anddraining away any leakage which may pass between the joints of thetunnel sections in such a manner as to avoid leakage of moisture intothe interior of the tunnel or tunnel lining. This enables the interiorof the tunnel or tunnel lining to be maintained in a clean condition andavoids damage to the lining material or surface decoration.

According to the present invention a cavity is provided adjacent to thejoint between the tunnel sections and so arranged that any moistureleaking past the joint will enter the cavity and be conducted away to asuitably placed draining channel. An expansion joint of relatively softresilient waterproofed material is located in theA inner lining materialof the tunnel substantially parallel to the joints between the tunnelsections so as to avoid cracking ordamage to the inner tunnel lining dueto movement between the sections. rIhe cavities and expansion joints arearranged substantially parallel to the circumferv ential andlongitudinal joints between the tunnel sections, and the variouscircumferential and longitudinal channels interconnect with one anotherand with a draining channel preferably located at the lowest point ofthe tunnel so that any moisture leaking through the joints between the rtunnel sections will be effectively drained away and cannot disfigure ordamage the interior lining of the tunnel.

In order that this invention may be clearly understood and readilycarried into effect I have tions l and 2 have abutting flanges 3 and lre-r spectively coupled by bolts 5 in known manner to provide the joint.Packing material as indicatedat 5a is placed between the flanges 3 and4. The flanges 3 and d may be the internal flanges by which tubesections of underground passages or railways are secured together and insuch an arrangement I apply to the interior of the tunnel a layer l ofconcrete or other suitable material in the usual manner, but extend thisconcrete ll- The elements may be tubular, part (Cl. til-45) ing as at 8to a convenient distance beyond the flanges of the tunnel sections so asto leave a recess or channel t therein parallel to and preferably of awidth substantially equal to the thickness of the flanges. This may beeffected by 5 placing wooden or other strips along the edges of theflanges and then lling in the concrete flush with their surface thestrips being subsequently removed when the concrete has set. Into therecesses or channels thus formed a shaped chan- 10 nel member $2 ofperforated Zinc or other suitable material is inserted. The perforatedzinc channel member is placed in position with its open side toward'thefianges of the tunnel sections so as to leave a clear space or channelSi between the edges l5 of the ilanges and the base of the perforatedzinc or other channel. The interior lining i@ of the tunnel is nextapplied and may consist of anyV suitable waterproof rendering orcomposition applied over the concrete llingand the perforated zincchannels. This inner lining or rendering is preferably divided intosections by means of interposed strips of bituminous packing material laor other suitable waterproofed material of a slightlyresilientrcharacter. These strips serve as expansion joints between therendering so as to permit a small amount of relative movement betweenthe sections without damaging the interior lining.

The space between the edges of the flanges of the tunnel sections andthe interior of the perforated zinc or other channel strips forms aseries of cavities 6 extending parallel to the joints between the tunnelsections and in which any moisture leaking through the joints willcollect. The circumferential cavities can be interconnected withlongitudinal cavities and with a draining channel in the lower part ofthe tunnel so that all moisture will be collected and drained away thuspreventing it from lealng through to the interior of the tunnel ordamaging or disguring the interior lining l thereof. The channel stripsS of perforated zinc or other suitable material can as shown in Figs. land 2 be formed with a wide V shaped or concave base and with edges liinturned towards each other so as to leave spaces i2 between the outerface of the edges and the recess in which the channel strips are fitted.This enables moisture which may leak, past the bolts or other means bywhich the flanges are secured together, into Vthe -concrete filling topass from the filling into -the cavity formed by the channel strips, theinturned parts ll having perforations for this purpose.

In a modied arrangement as shown in Fig. 2 55 more particularly intendedfor use in connection with new tunnelling or tunnel sections constructedespecially for use with my invention, the draining cavity may be formeddirectly in or between the flanges of the tunnel sections by means ofrecesses I3 in the meeting faces of the flanges which may be cast orotherwise formed therein. These are so arranged that the recesses in thetwo meeting .flanges are opposite to each other and thus form a channelbetween them. A perforated zinc or other strip 9 may also be arranged atthe edges of the meeting flanges and these may be so shaped as toprovide a channel or space through which moisture from the concretefilling may be conducted to the draining channels. Alternatively theedges of the flanges of the tunnel sections may be so shaped that whenplaced together they will form a recess. This recess may be suitablycovered by means of a perforated zinc or other strip thus forming acavity in which moisture may collect.

It is preferred to supplement the above described moisture collectingmeans with means for absorbing the compression set up by the expansionof the tube sections and/ or lining and for automatically compensatingfor contraction of the tube sections and/or lining. One method ofeffecting this is shown in Fig. 3 which consists in providing aperforated zinc or other suitable channel section strip 9 having amaximum cross sectional dimension approximately equal to the normalspace between the inner or more remotely situated faces 3a and lla` ofthe flanges or webs of the opposed metal tube sections. The crosssection of the strip can be such as to contain an outwardly directed VI4 at its centre, preferably a small angle V for example about twentydegrees. This V will provide sufcient resiliency in the sheet metalchannel section strip 9 to compensate for compression and expansion ofthe rendering which encloses the said strip. The extremities of the saidcross section can be bent acutely inwards at an angle so that the freeends l5 of the limbs l5a thereby provided and which constitute thelongitudinal free edges of the strip are urged resiliently against theinner peripheries of the said flanges or webs 3 and 4 between the edgesof such flanges or webs. An outer covering I6 of waterproofed material,for example a plastic, bitumastic composition which retains itselasticity indefinitely is laid against the outer face of the metalstrip, that is between the said strip and the said rendering, thiscovering being shaped to conform with the configuration of the stripbetween its outermost corners.

In a modification of the foregoing embodiment as shown in Fig. 4 thesaid central V shaped part is at its inner ends with substantiallysemi-circular cross section parts I1 merged into two symmetricalstraight section parts i8 of the strip which lie parallel with thetransverse edges of the said flanges or webs. The outer ends of thesestraight cross section parts are bent towards said flanges or webs intosubstantially half elliptical bends I9 which contact at their medianparts with the inner peripheries of the said flanges or webs. The outerends of these half-elliptical cross section parts are bent acutely intotwo symmetrical outer limbs the free ends of which constitute thelongitudinal edges of the said strip and overhang the inner edges of thesaid flanges or webs. These outer limbs can be secured by wires 2l undertension to the bolts 5 which are passed through the said flanges orwebs. This modification provides four longitudinally (viz.circumferentially relatively to the said flanges or webs) disposedarcuate section channels I1 and I9 in the said strip into which can beextended part of the waterproof coating material I6 laid against theouter face of the said strip.

In a still further modification as shown in Fig. 5 a wide U section Zincor other suitable strip 9 can be split along its longitudinal centre toprovide a narrow gap 22 to compensate for the said expansion andcontraction and a filling 23 of waterproof material is extruded rivetfashion through such gap and into a channel 24 provided in the saidlining I opposite such gap. The outer part of this channel can be filledin with cement. The ends 9a of the cross section of this strip can becarried over the outer faces of the flanges or webs of the tube sectionsand secured under the heads and nuts of the bolts 5 passed through suchflanges or webs 3 and 4. The waterproof material I6 is also laid againstthe outer face of the strip at the parts beyond the inner peripheries ofthe said flanges or Webs.

Instead of a channel section metal strip extending completely across theperipheries of' the flanges or webs a zinc or other suitable trough orsubstantially semi-circular strip 25 as shown in Fig. 6 can engage theflanges or webs at its edges so as only to slightly overlap the opposededges of the flanges or webs. This trough can be formed in cross sectionwith a pair of outwardly directed legs 26 (or in side elevation annularflanges). The space 21 between these legs is rectilinear and filled witha hard wood ring 28 of a section corresponding to said space butextending beyond the free edges of said legs or annular flanges so as tobe in continuity with the inner surface of the said rendering. A cementfilling can be introduced into the narrow annular channels 29 betweenthe outer parts of said block and the rendering.

I claim:-

1. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the opposed ends of tunnel and like sectional linings, saidmeans comprising an internal covering for each of said joints recessedto form a conduit like space in the said covering open to said joint,and a lining of impervious sheet material fitted across the interiorsurface of said space.

2. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the flanges of tunnel and like sectional linings, said meanscomprising channel section strips of impervious material bridging thefree edges of the flanges, an internal covering for the sectionsextending beyond said flanges to provide channels in said coveringaccommodating said channel section strips.

3. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious filling materiallaid against each lining section between the flanges thereof andextended beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie, a layer of facing material bridging said recesses so as toform thereof channels open to said joints, and channel section metalstrips lining said recesses and bridging said channels.

4. Means for diverting and removing Water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious illing material laidagainst each lining section between the flanges thereof and extendedbeyond the free edges of said flanges so as to leave recesses in whichsaid joints lie, a channel section strip of impervious material laid ineach recess with each of its edges against one flange edge, and a layerof facing material laid over the said filling material so as to bridgesaid recesses.

5. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween inwardly-directed flanges of tunnel and like sectional linings,said means comprising a channel section strip of impervious materiallaid against each joint edge, and bolts passing through adjacentflanges, material in tension connecting the projecting ends of saidbolts to the edges of said channel section strip to maintain the channelstrip in position.

6. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious iilling materiallaid against each lining section between the flanges thereof andupstanding beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie, a channel section strip of impervious material ofsubstantially wide V section with inwardly bent outer edges laid in eachrecess with each of its edges against one flange edge, and a layer offacing material laid over the said lling material so as to bridge saidrecesses.

'7. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious illling materiallaid against each lining section between the flanges thereof andupstanding beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie, a channel section strip of impervious material ofsubstantially wide V section with inwardly bent outer edges havingperforations therein laid in each recess with each of its edges againstone flange edge, and a layer of facing material laid over the saidfilling material so as to bridge said recesses.

8. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious filling materiallaid against each lining section between the flanges thereof andupstanding beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie, a channel section strip of impervious material laid in eachrecess with each of its edges against one flange edge, said channelsection strip having a maximum cross section equal to the normal spacebetween the remote faces of said flanges, and a layer of facing materiallaid over the said lling material so as to bridge said recesses.

9. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious filling materiallaid against. each lining section between the flanges thereof andupstanding beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie a channel section strip of impervious material laid in eachrecess with each of its edges against one flange edge, said channelsection strip having a maximum cross section equal to the normal spacebetween the remote faces of said flanges and the cross section of saidstrip containing an outwardly-directed V, and a layer of facing materiallaid over the said filling material so as to bridge said recesses.

10. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardly-directed abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious lling material laidagainst each lining section between the flanges thereof and upstandingbeyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which said joints lie, achannel section strip of impervious material laid in each recess witheach of its edges against one ila-nge edge, said channel section striphaving a maximum cross section equal to the normal space between theremote faces of said flanges and the cross section of said stripcontaining an outwardly-directed V, said V being curved at its innerends into two substantially semi-circular cross section parts, and alayer of facing material laid over the said filling material so as tobridge said recesses.

ll. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardly-directed abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervicus-illling materiallaid against each lining section between the flanges thereof andupstanding beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie, a channel section strip of impervious material laid in eachrecess with each of its edges against one flange edge, said channelsection strip having a maximum cross section equal to the normal spacebetween the remote faces of said flanges and the cross section of saidstrip containing an outwardly-directed V, said V being curved at itsinner ends into two substantially semi-circular cross section parts andtwo outwardly-directed straight section parts extended therefrom, and alayer of facing material laid over lthe said lling material so as tobridge said recesses.

l2. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardly-direeted abutting flanges of tunnel and like 40sectional linings, .said means comprising impervious iling material laidagainst each lining section between the flanges thereof and upstandingbeyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which said joints lie, achannel section strip of impervious material laid in each recess witheach of its edges against one flange edge, said channel section striphaving a maximum cross section equal to the normal space between theremote faces of said flanges, and the cross section of said stripcontaining an outwardly-directed V, said V being curved at its innerends into two substantially semi-circular cross section parts, and twooutwardly-directed straight section parts extended therefrom and mergedinto outer arcuate section parts, and a layer of facing material laidover the said illling material so as to bridge said recesses.

13. Means for diverting and removing water entering through the jointsbetween the inwardlydirected abutting flanges of tunnel and likesectional linings, said means comprising impervious filling materiallaid against each lining section between the flanges thereof andupstanding beyond said flanges so as to leave recesses in which saidjoints lie, a channel section strip of impervious material laid in eachrecess with each of its edges against one flange edge, a layer of facingmaterial laid over the filling material so as to bridge the saidrecesses, and a strip of compressible material inserted in said facingmaterial to form an expansion joint.

